Only published works the lab has checked are listed; each link searches for the exact title (no DOI is guessed). Findings are reported with their limits, including results that did not replicate. The links to inner life throughout the lab are teaching analogies from the Brahm Gyan tradition, never claims these studies make.
Lazar SW, et al. NeuroReport. 2005;16(17):1893–1897.
Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness
Cross-sectional MRI study: long-term meditators had thicker cortex than non-meditators in regions including the prefrontal cortex and right anterior insula. An association, not proof of cause.
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Hölzel BK, et al. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2011;191(1):36–43.
Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density
MRI before and after an 8-week MBSR course, compared with a waitlist group, reported grey-matter density increases in regions including the left hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex. A small study.
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Hölzel BK, et al. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2010;5(1):11–17.
Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala
After an MBSR course, participants whose perceived stress fell more showed larger decreases in amygdala grey-matter density: a correlation within a small sample.
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Brewer JA, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2011;108(50):20254–20259.
Meditation experience is associated with differences in default mode network activity and connectivity
fMRI study: experienced meditators showed relatively less activity in main default-mode regions (medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex) during meditation, and different connectivity.
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Tang YY, Hölzel BK, Posner MI. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2015;16(4):213–225.
The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation
Review that frames mindfulness meditation as training in the self-regulation of attention, emotion and self-awareness, and discusses the limits of the evidence so far.
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Goyal M, et al. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2014;174(3):357–368.
Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials: mindfulness programs showed moderate evidence of improving anxiety, depression and pain, with smaller or weaker evidence elsewhere, and were not shown to be better than active treatments.
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Lehrer PM, Gevirtz R. Frontiers in Psychology. 2014;5:756.
Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work?
Review of HRV biofeedback: breathing at an individual resonance frequency near 0.1 Hz (about 6 breaths a minute) produces large heart-rate oscillations through the baroreflex; possible mechanisms and uses.
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Tonomura A, et al. American Journal of Physics. 1989;57(2):117–120.
Demonstration of single-electron buildup of an interference pattern
Electrons sent one at a time through an electron biprism (the electron counterpart of a double slit) each arrived as a single dot; the interference fringes built up as the dots accumulated.
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Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2009;72(1):67–73.
The cortisol awakening response (CAR): facts and future directions
Review of the cortisol awakening response: the rise in cortisol during roughly the first 30–45 minutes after waking, how it is measured and what influences it.
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Kral TRA, et al. NeuroImage. 2018;181:301–313.
Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli
Reported lower amygdala reactivity to emotional pictures in long-term meditators, and some related changes after an 8-week course, alongside differences in amygdala–prefrontal connectivity.
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Kral TRA, et al. Science Advances. 2022;8(20).
Absence of structural brain changes from mindfulness-based stress reduction: Two combined randomized controlled trials
Two randomized controlled trials, analysed together, found no evidence that an 8-week MBSR course changed brain structure compared with control groups.
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Chladni EFF. Entdeckungen über die Theorie des Klanges. Leipzig; 1787.
Entdeckungen über die Theorie des Klanges
Ernst Chladni bowed sand-covered plates and recorded the nodal figures they formed: the founding work of what are now called Chladni figures.
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